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Prostate cancer screening attempts to find prostate cancer in individuals at an early and potentially curable stage before symptoms have developed with the aim to treat the disease and decrease the death rate from prostate cancer.
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The prostate is a small male gland the size of a walnut that sits at the base of the bladder just in front of the bowel. It surrounds the urethra (the tube that urine passes through from the bladder to the penis) and is part of the male reproductive system.
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PSA (prostate specific antigen) testing via a blood test in combination with a DRE (digital rectal examination), currently are the best screening tests available for the early detection of prostate cancer.
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All men from the age of 50 years with a life expectancy of at least 10 years should have access to a yearly PSA and DRE
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Much of the controversy surrounding prostate cancer screening has related to a lack of high quality evidence demonstrating that prostate cancer screening saves lives and reduces the mortality from prostate cancer.
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Each year approximately 20000 Australian men are diagnosed with prostate cancer and over 3300 men die from a direct result of prostate cancer each year.
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Testing for prostate cancer has potential risks and benefits. In making a decision whether or not to be tested these risks and benefits must be assessed.
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If prostate cancer is diagnosed early and is potentially curable, there are many treatment options including: active surveillance, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy and radical prostatectomy.
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There are many different recommendations regarding prostate cancer testing around the world.
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